Prescriptive and emergent approaches for developing strategies

Simeon Poisson - Biography Essays - Fellows Of The Royal Society

Simeon Poisson - Biography Simeon Poisson's most significant works were a progression of papers on positive integrals and his advances in Fourier arrangement. Initially compelled to consider medication, Poisson started to contemplate arithmetic in 1798 at the Ecole Polytechnique. His educators Laplace and Lagrange were to become companions forever. A diary on limited contrasts, composed when Poisson was 18, pulled in the consideration of Legendre. Poisson educated at Ecole Polytechnique from 1802 until 1808 when he turned into a space expert at Bureau des Longitudes. In 1809 he was named to the seat of unadulterated arithmetic in the recently opened Faculte des Sciences. His most significant works were a progression of papers on unmistakable integrals and his advances in Fourier arrangement. This work was the establishment of later work here by Dirichlet and Riemann. In Recherches sur la probabilite des jugements... , a significant work on likelihood distributed in 1837, the Poisson appropriation previously sh owed up. The Poisson appropriation portrays the likelihood that an irregular occasion will happen in a period or space interim under the conditions that the likelihood of the occasion happening is exceptionally little, yet the quantity of preliminaries is extremely huge with the goal that the occasion really happens a couple of times. He distributed somewhere in the range of 300 and 400 numerical works including applications to power and attraction, and space science. His Traite de mecanique distributed in 1811 and again in 1833 was the standard work on mechanics for a long time. His name is connected to a wide zone of thoughts, for instance:- Poisson's basic, Poisson's condition in potential hypothesis, Poisson sections in differential conditions, Poisson's proportion in flexibility, and Poisson's steady in power. Libri said of him: His solitary energy has been science: he lived and is dead for it.

Best Regards and Other Phrases You Should Never Use to Sign Your Email

Best Regards and Other Phrases You Should Never Use to Sign Your Email Email communication is everywhere. From emails sent for marketing purposes to those sent as communication between friends.Although emails between friends are not as common as business emails, they offer an opportunity to be updated on the other person’s life.From when they started being used, emails have become popular and are nowadays used for nearly every formal communication.With this widespread use, there has been a need to develop guidelines on how best to write emails. There are those methods taught in school many years ago.Then there are those learned in the “real” world.Regardless of the differences, there are things which remain standard.And just like rules, these are expected to be followed so as to ensure the communication is effective.Email Sign-OffsEverything that has a beginning has an end. This applies to emails too.As you begin an email with an appropriate salutation, so are you expected to end it accordingly.When it comes to emails, closing is more than a mere “goodbye” moment. More than just indicating the end of your email, your closing paints a picture. It is the last word in the communication you send.Remember that as opposed to a face-to-face conversation, email communication is mostly one-way until a reply is received.It is similar to the old walkie talkies which passed information only in one direction at a time.The recipient of the message would have to digest what had been said then respond if required to.But walkie talkies were a bit faster in the sense that you would be speaking to someone almost in real time. Emails rarely function like this.Unless the other person is replying immediately, there would be a delay in time. Possibly hours, days or even weeks.With that in mind, it is important that the last word you say wraps up your message in the right way.EMAIL CLOSINGS TO AVOIDIt is wise to look at how you should handle this portion of your communication.Below we look at some of the email closings which are not suited for business communication.More than that, after the list is a sample of alternatives you can use.Best RegardsThis email closing is one of the most commonly used.Whereas its popularity makes it an easy winner, questions may arise from its usage.First of all, the word regards is used for salutation. Yes, it is used for greetings.This noun has several meanings. Take a look at Merriam-Webster’s dictionary and you will get the picture. Meaning 4 part b(2) says that this word is used to show friendliness in greetings.Now, think about it. You have just written an email and you obviously greeted the intended recipient. Whether you used words like Dear sir or madam, Hello or Hi, why would you want to do it again?To make it worse, at the end of your email?And that’s not all, the regards you are giving are apparently the best.Really?RgdsThose who use this say it is the short form of Regards.But this is simply going too far with the desire to shorten words. It is too much of an attempt to shor ten a word which is already short.This particular one makes very little sense if any.An easy way to tell between a correct shortening and a wrong one is to read it aloud.For example, there are names like Beth coming from Elizabeth and Mike shortened from Michael.Read these aloud and you will agree that they make sense.But read Rgds aloud. How do you pronounce that?If you are emailing your buddy and this is the kind of words you two use, that is fine. However, keep in mind that this is not for formal communication like that done in business emails.If you ended your email with this and it was your first communication with someone serious, you might be seen as lazy.Too lazy to type out three letters to make the word complete.  ThanksThis is a word used to show gratitude. Using it means you are appreciating what someone has done for you.In most cases, it is a favor done for you. You either asked for it or the person just saw it fit to do you a favor. Or maybe they just did more than you expected of them.You are therefore thanking them.If you have written an email for the sole reason of thanking someone for something, then this is okay. But if that is not the case, don’t use it.Using it might send the wrong message. The recipient might wonder what you are thanking them for.Since email writing is not the same as text writing, the person will certainly make a conclusion.This conclusion would be what will stick as an opinion about you or your business.Thanks againThis is another version of the above closing. But there is something about it.Not only are you thanking the person you are emailing, you are doing it again.Just as in the example above, if there is something you are thanking the person for, that’s okay. If not, you are better off using a different closing.The word again indicates some emphasis. It indicates that although you have thanked the person, you see the need to do it again.Did he do something very big to deserve being thanked a couple of times? If so, go ahead. If not, delete the word and use an alternative.On the downside, this closing can work against you in a big way. Keep in mind that your closing has to be aligned to the content of your email.Let us say you are sending a sales pitch to a prospect you have been following up on.Then in your closing, you use any of the sign-offs from the Thanks category. This could be seen as a covert way of trying to get the prospect to buy.All sales communication is meant to persuade someone to buy. But when you do this, you are trying too hard to sell.The question is, are you a good salesman or a desperate one?SincerelyThis is a completely no-no for business emails.As much as the word seems to be portraying a good character trait, it is the wrong one to use.Yes, sincerity may point to integrity but this is not the right way to show your integrity.Do you remember when you wrote your cover letter? How did you end it?Yes, sincerely is the appropriate closing for a cover letter. It is very formal and is used when making applications.If you are not applying for a job, don’t use this closing.Cheers“Here’s to our continued friendship,” you say. In agreement, the other person says “cheers” as he raises his glass.That’s right. This word is used to mark a celebration.As a closing however, it is used when emailing friends. But this is not for everyone.Cheers is used by the British to end conversations.As such, can be used between two people of British origin.If you don’t fall into this category, don’t use the word.CiaoThis is a real closing, only that it is foreign to the English world.It is used in Italian circles and is very common among Italians.But as it happens, it’s usually easy and probably even fun to adapt new words into English.Especially when those words feel or sound good.If you are emailing an Italian whom you are friends with, you can close like this. If not, then drop the word.TTYL/TTYSFirst things first, what do these initials mean?TTYL †" Talk To You Later.TTYS â€" Talk To You Soon.There are some basic rules which apply to writing business emails and general official communication. One of them is that you should always avoid contractions and abbreviations.These tend to make the communication become too informal.Some abbreviations are also not very common. Others have multiple meanings.This is why it is just best to avoid them.Moreover, these sound pretty immature for the business world.These are not suited at all for email writing. They are only good for texting close friends or when ending a chat message.TAFNAs with the abbreviations above this one, this is not ideal for email communication.TAFN â€" That’s All For Now.In all practical sense, abbreviations cannot even gain much popularity among email writers.The context for which they are used demand a total departure from grammar and other formal communication rules.That is why they will most likely be used only in text chats.If they were to be used in emails, t hen the nature of the email communication would drastically change. There would be no grammar rules to be enforced. Only a liberal use of “new” words.Looking Forward to Hearing from YouThis is a common one especially when you are expecting some form of response from the person you are emailing. Whereas it may not sound or feel wrong, there is still a problem with it.The fact that you are expecting feedback is okay, but reminding the person that you are expecting it is not okay.When you use this closing, you are indirectly putting pressure on the recipient to reply to your email.This sign-off has the psychological effect of making the recipient feel guilty if they don’t respond.There can however be an exception.In most cases, this is used when making certain types of applications or requests.If you are doing so and the recipient is an organization receiving applications from people unknown to it, you can use it.But if the email is to a prospect you haven’t met in person, forg et it.You need to have discussed your product and gotten an assurance that there is a possibility of being considered.If you did this, then the sign off would be fine.It will serve to remind the prospect of your meeting or conversation and the reason for your writing. Speak With You SoonThis is similar to the one above only that it puts the pressure on you.You are actually putting pressure on yourself and committing to follow up on the communication you have initiated.It is important to understand the nature of true and effective communication.The other person must receive your message and understand it. He is also supposed to respond before you say more to him.With the pressure on you, are you aware that you might forget to speak with him soon?When you commit yourself like this, you will most likely give the other person a license to be passive.They can choose to remain quiet awaiting your follow-up mail.Who loses?More SoonSimilar to speak with you soon only that in this case you a re actually making an even bigger commitment.This is similar to when you are tasked with carrying out a feasibility study. You deliver a report but then promise to give a more comprehensive one later.When is later? No-one really knows. Not even you.At least because you didn’t specify the duration.If this is academic work, are you expecting to proceed to the next level?As far as your words of more soon are concerned, the job you did is incomplete. You shouldn’t have submitted it in the first place.The same applies to your email ending with this closing.What you are saying is that you did not give all the information required. More will be coming soon.As a result, you should not expect any reply, unless it’s a one-worded reply like “Okay.”Make sure you send the additional information soon.XOXOThis is a terrible one to use.Never in a business setup should this appear. Not only is it informal but it’s also completely inappropriate.The meaning of these four letters will show you why.According to Urban Dictionary, these letters mean hugs and kisses.Is this what you are writing to your boss, a colleague, or a customer?What if they asked you, “Who exactly are you hugging and kissing?”Unless you are emailing someone you are intimate with, avoid this completely.No matter how good your friendship is, this is no way to end your email. Some people are good to relate with in a casual sense.But if you misinterpret that to mean you can get this far with them, it might come across as disrespectful.Once the label is on you, there will no longer be any goodwill for a mutually-beneficial relationship.Ending With Your First InitialThis is a weird one. So weird that it’s actually confusing.Let’s say your first initial is the letter A. If this is the last thing written in your email, on its own line, what exactly is to be thought of it?The one reading your email may conclude that it’s a sign-off, but who is the sender?America? Antelope? Anaconda?There are many guesses and they can get really wild. You don’t want to leave it to people to guess your name. The results may not be funny. Furthermore, are you really expecting some relationship to build.For the sake of clarity, even if your name makes part of your email address, take the time to type it out properly. Don’t use your initials.Ending With Your NameIf you think that this is better than closing with your first initial, you are wrong.Yes, you have typed out your name in full, but couldn’t you type in something else to show some courtesy?Finishing your email with your name only is rather cold. It’s intimidating.Are you intending to make your recipient intimidated? Unless you are a mean boss. More of a dictator.In that case, be assured that you are losing a lot. The people you are working with are not giving you their best, regardless of what you think.Also, you could have many other opportunities to link with great people but your demeanor is pushing them away.You should learn how to relate with people and increase your chances of living a better life.Ending With No Sign-OffLike ending with your name, this is equally bad.This is not, and it cannot be understood as, a way of showing that you are in a hurry.This is simply rude.As if that is not enough, have you finished your message?It’s not clear because there is no closing in your email.The email closing is a part of the communication. It indicates that the message has come to an end.Otherwise it will not be known whether you sent the email unintentionally before finishing the writing.This could indicate that you were not keen when drafting the email.Something that could mean you don’t value the recipient.RECOMMENDED EMAIL CLOSINGS TO USEWith all the above email closings being problematic, here are some examples which you could comfortably use.These are applicable in various situations as mentioned.All the same, there is always the issue of considering the relationship between you and the email recipi ent.Some of the above sign-offs may not be the best but in a particular setting, you might be able to use them.Here are the recommended ways to sign your email.BestThis simple closing is used by many people. The main reason is that it is short enough to be typed quickly without losing meaning.As you would agree, writing Best is way better than Rgds in any setting. Unless it’s very informal.At the same time, when compared with Best Regards, the removal of the second word makes it cleaner. It also feels more open as opposed to tying it to some regards.Hope This HelpsThis is best for those instances when you are providing someone with some information. It may be an inquiry or some other form of request made to you.You will often have sourced for the information, i.e. if it’s not something you are currently aware of. Having put in efforts to give as much and relevant information as possible, you then close with this.Something else about this is that it allows the recipient to reques t for more information. Or to seek some clarification.Being open to more communication, especially when you are being helpful to others, builds stronger relationships. You get to be seen in good light.I Can’t Thank You EnoughThere will always be an opportunity to appreciate someone for something they have done. As mentioned about the sign-off Thanks, make sure you are thanking someone for something.This one in particular seems to be going deeper.You are essentially expressing your gratitude from your heart. And to recognize that your words aren’t enough, you show that your appreciation of them is really sincere.In view of that, this might be better preserved for situations where whatever has been done for you is quite big. Otherwise it might come off as exaggerated. With AppreciationThis closing is very appropriate for “small” favors. If you asked someone to do something that is not very far from their duties, you can thank them using this.Nevertheless, it can be used in mor e ways than that.For example, you might be in need of something that can only be provided by someone.When making the request, you can utilize this instead of the more common Looking forward to… family of sign-offs.Just note that this one is very formal.As such, it might be best for people you respect a lot, even though you may be at the same level or rank.Enjoy Your [Day of the Week]This is good for those emails which are not very serious.If you have developed a rapport with the other person, then this one is okay. It has a formal angle to it but isn’t too stiff to be reserved only for serious business.If the day of the week is Friday, this can be a very good way of ending your email. It automatically gets the person thinking of the weekend. It also creates a joyful atmosphere as it lightens them up.Have a Great DayFor the good wishes and an alternative way of going about it, this is a great one. It is also time-tested though isn’t a cliché.It is general in nature so it doesn ’t go overboard like the initials TGIF (Thanks God It’s Friday) would. It is short, straight to the point and does what it’s supposed to doâ€"signify the end of the email.SIGNING YOUR EMAILS CREATIVELYObviously, these are not the only options. Just as some people came up with common closings and created a standard, so can you also come up with something unique.In your creativity though, you have to be careful.The business world is largely reserved. It is also a serious one. Unless you are in the art industry, your creativity may not be appreciated by all.To get you started, here are some examples.Have a Fantastic MondayTo many, this might be an oxymoron since very few people expect Monday to be a fantastic day. But when you wish someone a fantastic Monday, they might actually experience it.First, this closing strikes them as odd but they soon catch the subtle humor in it. As such, it can easily get into their memory and they will remember it.Psychologically speaking, this will make the recipient’s mind want to experience a fantastic day. As such, It will seek to create the environment for the experience.Hope Your Week’s Off to a Good StartThis is another uncommon one.Actually, this is something that people say to one another in face-to-face and phone conversations. And it can be used in emails too.It indicates a genuine hope that things are going in the right direction.Saw That It’ll Be [Hot/Cold] in [Receiver’s City] â€" Stay [Cool/Warm]This is a sure way of personalizing your email. It shows that you are either thinking about the recipient or you are just well informed.But more than that, you wish them comfort.For more examples like these, check out this link and stir up your mind for better ways of ending your emails.CONCLUSIONThough no list can be complete, this can work as a guide.Apart from the recommended closings, exercise your creativity and sign your emails better.

Racial Inequality And Affirmative Action - 900 Words

College is a privilege that is now accessible to many people. It has not always been this way though. Lack of money, being deprived of representation, or racism hindered one’s chances in to getting into higher education, especially a minority’s chance. In order to raise against the barriers, President John F. Kennedy created the affirmative action program to provide equal opportunities for everyone, whether in education or in the workforce. Even if this was a program created in the 1960’s, problems continue to present itself as shown through the many court cases, such as Brown vs. Board of Education, Fisher vs. University of Texas, Grutter vs. Bollinger et al, and Hopwood vs. State of Texas. Thus, racial inequality and affirmative action†¦show more content†¦It is the way that provides everyone with an opportunity, an opportunity to achieve their American dream. Though, on the flip side, the American dream would not be available to all with affirmative action. This program diminishes the opportunities for whites to achieve their dreams. From education to the workforce, affirmative action holds bias towards minorities over Caucasians. Despite being â€Å"more qualified,† the whites are not placed into certain colleges or workplaces because of race. Even if a Caucasian student receives a near perfect score on the SAT, a student being of color would be the same equivalence. In addition to this, the affirmative action’s policies give minority applicants a minor self-confidence that they do not need to perform better than their white counterparts, just racially distinguishable. This shows that affirmative action does not focus on abilities but rather demographics, thus, showing the controversy with this program today. Above all, affirmative action violates the Constitution. The Fourteenth Amendment forbids the states to restrict the basic rights of citizens to equal opportunities. However, accepting certain groups of applicants over others due to race proves that affirmative action endorses racism. Therefore, how is the program equal if only race is the factor? How can this program be equality for all, if the whites are being discriminated against? My response to this? I still believe affirmative action is necessary.Show MoreRelatedSupreme Court Ruling on the White Firefighters Case Study943 Words   |  4 PagesSupreme Court Ruling on White Firefighters Case Was Justified Affirmative Action was established during the Civil Rights era to address the problem of racial inequality in the workforce and the educational field. Advocates of affirmative action since have argued that it is necessary to maintain it to make sure that diversity in schools and the workplace is upheld. 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Because of leaders like King, many blacks and minorityRead More Its Time to Put and End to Affirmative Action Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pages Affirmative action should be changed or ended altogether In the late Sixties, Martin Luther King Jr. fought hard for equal rights. Before he was assassinated in 1968, he made a speech about his vision of human equality. â€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† (King) The Sixties were a turning point for racial equality. Because of leaders like King, many blacks and minority

Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 1568 Words

Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influence in the field of psychology, his theories are still a controversial issue today. While many of his followers consider he is the greatest psychiatrist, many of his contemporaries judge his ideas are insane. Psychology is an interesting field because our mind is not fully explored like human anatomy and not all theory can be proven by science. This essay will begin with his biography explaining how he comes up with his theories and discuss his main concept on unconsciousness and sexual behaviour. Lastly, briefly go through his psychoanalysis techniques. Freud develops his concept on psychoanalysis from what he had experienced. Known as the father of psychoanalysis, Freud is born in 1856 in Austria, given the name Sigismund Schlomo Freud (The European Graduate School, 2012). Freud Sigmund suffered from losses during his childhood that cause his anxiety later in life. He experienced his first lost when his young brother died before one year old. Later, Freud’s nursemaid was send toShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtR ead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. 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Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologistsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have thei r own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as anRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ‘made up’. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ‘the norm’ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt’s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the previous wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this ideaRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1939 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopments in psychology that support the where our development into each stage come from. For starters there’s Sigmund Freud, a main contributor to psychology (neurologist), that believed there is a specific order in the stages of development. His stages are called Psychosexual Stages of Development. The Five stag es include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (As seen in Figure 1) These developments are more on the physical side to growing into puberty and so on. Freuds ideas are the first

Summary and Assessment Free Essays

Lesson 04. 07: Summary and Assessment using the Four Steps to Gang a Great Speech, write and deliver a speech presenting your Personal Brand Statement to a City Council. 1 . We will write a custom essay sample on Summary and Assessment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Complete the Speech Planning Gulled 2. Write a two- to three-minute speech using the notes you organized In the Speech Planning Guide. 3. Submit your notes and your written speech (two to three paragraphs) to your instructor. 4. Rehearse your speech. Speech Planning Guide Your local city council wants a student to share something he or she has learned in school. They want you to give them a two- to three minute speech about your Personal Brand Statement. Use the Brand Guide you created In Lesson 04. 04 as a reference when organizing your speech. Know your audience. To learn about your audience, you created a short questionnaire they filled out. Here are their responses: Length of speech: 2?3 minutes Location of speech: City Council Meeting, City Hall, Room 305 Number of people in audience: 10 What topics should I address? We are interested in what you have learned in your leadership class. Please address the following topics: How have you used your Personal Brand and open communication skills In your daily life? You created three targeted brand statements. Which of the three brand targets Is the most challenging for you, and why? (For example, your family, teachers, or friends could be some of your targets. ) What recommendations would you give to those who want to improve their Personal Brand? Outline Your Presentation. Outline your entire presentation, from start to finish. This means that you should be clear about what your primary message is and create a plan to present your argument, or point of view, step by step. What topics should I address? Introduction Stories or examples to support your point Evidence to support your point A call to action, or an appeal to the audience to do something new or different as a result of your presentation. Conclusion How to cite Summary and Assessment, Papers

One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest Essays - Fiction, Literature,

One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey, Chief Bromden is a character who has to work his way back to being and acting like a real human after so many years of being "dehumanized" (Porter 49) into a machine created by the evil Nurse Ratched. I. Bromden in the beginning A. Dehumanized by Nurse Ratched 1. structured 2. forbids laughing 3. controlling B. The effect that the Nurse and the ward has on Bromden 1. could not smell 2. thinks of himself as little 3. hides in the fog 4. fears everything 5. sees himself as comic 6. hallucinates II. Bromden in progress A. Gives up deaf and dumb B. Great turn - around C. Begins to smell things D. Regains his laugh E. Loosens up III. Bromden at the end A. Bromden escapes B. Bromden is a hero C. McMurphy is death; Bromden strength D. Bromden becomes big IV. Conclusion A. Modern world; machines destroy B. Nurse Ratched the machine C. Modern world is the combine Bromden and his Changing Mind In One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest by Ken Kesey, Chief Bromden is a character who has to work his way back to being and acting like a real human after so many years of being "dehumanized" (Porter 49) into a machine created by the evil Nurse Ratched. Bromden begins to change as soon as McMurphy tries to get the guys on the ward to open up and Bromden is the one who gets the most out of Mr. McMurphy's "therapy" (97). Chief Bromden finally beats the evil nurse Miss Ratched by escaping from the institution. So "Broken men - however frightened, beleaguered, splintered, and dehumanized - can be restored to manhood and wholeness" (95). A six foot seven inch Indian named Chief Bromden pretense to be a deaf mute after he watched his father, Chief Tee Ah Millatoona, get ruined by his white wife. Government agents often came to visit his father about his property. The agents would walk right past Bromden like he was not even there. When people stopped reacting to Bromden, he stopped reacting to the people. At the Combine which was the name for the ward, Bromden underwent treatment for his medical condition. The Combine split the patients into two categories, the Acutes and the Chronics. The Acutes were the patients that had the ability to getting better while the Chronics had no chance of getting better because of how serious their medical condition is. In the Combine everybody definitely considers Bromden as a Chronic. While in there and everybody thinking he is a deaf mute, Bromden hear's information from other peoples conversations that he is not suppose to hear. Throughout the novel Chief Bromden feels small and he is very easily intimidated. Without the help of the newest guy on the ward, Randel Patrick McMurphy, he would of never been able to gain up enough strength to feel good about himself again and escape the ward like he did in the end of the novel. McMurphy helps Bromden tremendously plus everybody else that is on the ward. He guides everybody to be human. McMurphy says Miss Ratched, the Nurse of the Combine, gains her power by making others feel like they have less. She controls everything they do from when they wake up to when they go to bed. McMurphy rebels against Miss Ratched and tries to get the guys on the ward to stand up for themselves too. The patients on the ward are not aloud to laugh loosely according to Miss Ratched. McMurphy says when a man loses his ability to laugh he is not a man anymore. Most of the patients on the ward are dehumanized by Nurse Ratched controlling and orderly attitude. In the novel Bromden shows the most change from McMurphy's help. Enough change to come back after escaping and retell the story. In the beginning of the novel Bromden was at the point where he was completely dehumanized by Nurse Ratched. Miss. Ratched was the main cause of his dehumanization, but not the start of it. It began is his early childhood with the conflict between his father, the Indian chief, and his white mother that had control over his father. As it says in the Discovering Authors Modules: "Mrs. Bromden was a domineering women who cared little for her husband's Indian heritage and was instrumental in selling his land to the government.". Miss Ratched is in a way just like Bromden's mother.

Free Essays on Thomas Shepard

Many people spend their lives searching for answers to their problems or past misfortunes, answers that most people will never find. Seeking out truth is no easy task, especially when you don’t know where to start looking. People die every day, and their loved ones are left behind to ponder why. Death has no scheme, no rhyme or reason or prejudices. So why is it that someone can smoke cigarettes for sixty year and pass away peacefully in their sleep from natural causes, and someone who has never taken a drag get cancer in the prime of their life. Some people would say bad luck, Thomas Shepard would say that it was gods will. He was a man whose life was filled with hardships and tragedy, yet he was able to find peace at times through some of his own, and others experiences, and most importantly, he was able to find peace through God. Throughout much of The Spiritual Accounts of Thomas Shepard, tragedy surrounds his life. He was born into religious persecution, coming from a puritan family during a time in England when anyone who was not an Anglo-Saxon was frowned upon. This did not so much effect his childhood but other misfortunes did. When the plague struck his town of Towchester he was sent away to live with his grandparents in Fossecut. While he was tending to farm animals at the ripe age of four the plague was ravishing his fathers family. It was during this time that his mother passed away, not of the plague, but from some other disease that followed. Shepard then returned home not to the receptive arms of his loving mother, but to his father and his new wife who, â€Å"did let me see the difference between my own mother and a stepmother†(3). This is a relevant situation even today that many people may find themselves in. It is not easy to get over the death of your mother, especially when your fath er replaces her with a cold-hearted woman who shows no compassion. â€Å"She did not seem to love me but incensed my father often agai... Free Essays on Thomas Shepard Free Essays on Thomas Shepard Many people spend their lives searching for answers to their problems or past misfortunes, answers that most people will never find. Seeking out truth is no easy task, especially when you don’t know where to start looking. People die every day, and their loved ones are left behind to ponder why. Death has no scheme, no rhyme or reason or prejudices. So why is it that someone can smoke cigarettes for sixty year and pass away peacefully in their sleep from natural causes, and someone who has never taken a drag get cancer in the prime of their life. Some people would say bad luck, Thomas Shepard would say that it was gods will. He was a man whose life was filled with hardships and tragedy, yet he was able to find peace at times through some of his own, and others experiences, and most importantly, he was able to find peace through God. Throughout much of The Spiritual Accounts of Thomas Shepard, tragedy surrounds his life. He was born into religious persecution, coming from a puritan family during a time in England when anyone who was not an Anglo-Saxon was frowned upon. This did not so much effect his childhood but other misfortunes did. When the plague struck his town of Towchester he was sent away to live with his grandparents in Fossecut. While he was tending to farm animals at the ripe age of four the plague was ravishing his fathers family. It was during this time that his mother passed away, not of the plague, but from some other disease that followed. Shepard then returned home not to the receptive arms of his loving mother, but to his father and his new wife who, â€Å"did let me see the difference between my own mother and a stepmother†(3). This is a relevant situation even today that many people may find themselves in. It is not easy to get over the death of your mother, especially when your fath er replaces her with a cold-hearted woman who shows no compassion. â€Å"She did not seem to love me but incensed my father often agai...

A Brief History of Plasma Television

A Brief History of Plasma Television The very first prototype for a plasma display monitor was invented in July 1964 at the University of Illinois by professors Donald Bitzer and Gene Slottow, and then graduate student Robert Willson. However, it was not until after the advent of digital and other technologies that successful plasma televisions became possible. According to Wikipedia a plasma display is an emissive flat panel display where light is created by phosphors excited by a plasma discharge between two flat panels of glass. During the early sixties, the University of Illinois used regular televisions as computer monitors for their in-house computer network. Donald Bitzer, Gene Slottow, and Robert Willson (the inventors listed on the plasma display patent) researched plasma displays as an alternative to the cathode ray tube-based televisions sets being used. A cathode-ray display has to constantly refresh, which is okay for video and broadcasts but bad for displaying computer graphics. Donald Bitzer began the project and enlisted the help of Gene Slottow and Robert Willson. By July of 1964, the team had built the first plasma display panel with one single cell. Todays plasma televisions use millions of cells. After 1964, television broadcast companies considered developing plasma television as an alternative to televisions using cathode ray tubes. However, LCD or liquid crystal displays made possible flat screen television that squelched the further commercial development of plasma display. It took many years for plasma televisions to became successful and they finally did due to the efforts of Larry Weber. University of Illinois author Jamie Hutchinson wrote that Larry Webers prototype sixty-inch plasma display, developed for Matsushita and bearing the Panasonic label, combined the size and resolution necessary for HDTV with the addition of thinness.

Service Request SR-ta-001 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Service Request SR-ta-001 - Essay Example Moreover, the model needs are designed in a manner that remarkably few assumptions concerning the data therein is needed. As such, the database system is immensely powerful. The most notable feature about a relational database management system is that it enables the user to spread a single database across multiple tables. This feature simplifies the management of the database. With a relational database, the company is able to make a sound decision since all the data is centralized. The database system is linked to a customer relationship management system that has various modules. The computerized system will be developed using a modular approach. With the use of the modular approach, the developers will ensure that the system change over is executed without interfering with the company’s business process. The system change over will also take place in one department at a time. This gives users the opportunity to test the system real time. In case of any error, the programming team can correct before when the implementation process is still early. This will fatal errors that can accrue in the late stages of system implementation. In addition, the maintenance and troubleshooting process will be easy since the module that has developed a problem can be attended to while the other subsystem are operational. A very crucial task in a database system is the migration of the data from the existing database to the new database system. Considering that the company has been using a paper based database system, a lot work work has to be done (Adiba & Delobel, 2011). This entails conversion of the data contained in the paper files to the soft copies so that they can be fed to the computerized database system. The diagram below illustrates how the data is migrated from the paper system to relational database systems. Applying the above process ensures that effective data validation and verification before

Trusts Law And Reasons For Appeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Trusts Law And Reasons For Appeal - Essay Example 2. The facts of the High Court case are as follows: Vallee the plaintiff was an adopted child of the deceased. She was staying in France, but one day she called on the deceased before his demise in the third quarter of 2003. She promised him that she would return during Christmas, to which he answered that he did not contemplate to live up to the time and that his desire was to hand over his house to her upon his death. The deceased handed over the title deeds to the land on which the house was built and a key to the estate to her. He also gave her a plastic container with his war treasures and a photo album. Four months later, he passed on. The defendant was informed of her father’s demise by the Coroner’s Office, which regretted that the deceased had not left any valid will specifying how the estate would be divided. 3. In 2006, the defendant directed lawyers, who contacted the treasury solicitor in writing to claim the property on the grounds that her father had given it to her by a donatio mortis causa; which is a gift whose ownership remains conditional until the death of the donor. The treasury refused her claim and proceeded with an advertisement for any potential claimants.  The defendant, a clinician who was running a business organization named â€Å"Celtic Research Limited†, established through his â€Å"heir hunting† that the deceased had a surviving male sibling, Mr. Mykola Bogusz. He acquired a power of attorney from the surviving Bogusz and made applications for, and was given documents for administering the property on October 8, 2009, â€Å"for (his) use and benefit.† The treasury solicitor permitted Mykola Bogusz’s claim and placed a caveat on the property against further claims. Ms. Vallee filed proceedings in court seeking to claim the property by a donatio mortis causa. 4. The case came before the Oxford County Court on 26th October 2012 and was presided over by Justice Harris.

Imperialism in India :: European Europe History

Imperialism in India British imperialism on India had many positive and negative affects on both the mother country, Britain and the colony, India. Many people would argue which effects were more prominent in these countries and some would agree that they were equal. But in both cases there were actually both. In India the British colonization had more positive affects than negative. For Instance, When the British colonized India they built 40,000 miles of railroad and 70,000 miles of paved roadway. As a result the British made it much easier to travel across India. Another good affect that the British had on India was the jump in agriculture, through large scale irrigation works. About 30 million acres were put into cultivation. Industrialization had also begun. Because of all these reasons almost no famine existed in British colonial India. The English also built many institutions in India and setup a productive government. "They have framed wise laws and have established courts of justice"(The Economic History Of India Under Early British Rule). In addition to all these positive affects, Britain also linked India to the modern world through modern science and modern thought. However, where the is good there has to be bad. British colonization of India had it's drawbacks. As the great Mohandas Gahndi once said " You English committed one supreme crime against my people. For a hundred years you have done everything for us. You have given us no responsibility for our own government." At first glance this may seem like a positive effect but Ghandi did not intend it to be. Because even though it was a good thing that England setup a government in India they turned it into a burden because they did not let any natives into the important positions. They "mommied" the Indians if you will. Another negative effect England had on India was the breaking up of traditional industries. Prior to Britain colonizing India there were many more divers skilled labors. Such as shipbuilding, metalwork, glassblowing, and paper making. With the break up there was a noticeable rise in the unemployment India. India was not the only country affected by the annex to the British empire though. This annexation affected Great Britain as well. Although the effects were not as devastating they still caused some change. But overall Britain definitely benefited from the colony of India. They got more raw materials and they also got more land.

Theme of Sexuality in Andre Brink ‘s Other Lives

Brink’s Other Lives: A Rewriting of history through eroticism The dissident writer's preeminent role, as Brink sees it, is to â€Å"explore and expose the roots of the human condition as it is lived in South Africa: (.. ) With the fundamentals of human experience and relationships†(Mapmakers 152).That is to say, he aims, through narrating and referring to kinships, mainly sensual ones, at unveiling the racial practices of the past apartheid system which is, according to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary and thesaurus, defined as â€Å"a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of So. Africa† in doing so, he makes use of erotic scenes between black and white people of both sexes. This essay tackles Brink’s choice to make use of erotic fiction as an inventive way of writing history.Also, it deals with sexuality, in this particular novel, which stands as an epitome for racial, colonia l and political relationships between black and white people, as well as the numerous interpretations of the coitus either through symbolism or feminism or psychoanalysis. According to Brink â€Å"the author’s reinvention of history would involve a choice between two kinds of concepts, two ends on a sliding scale: namely, history as fact and history as fiction. He opts for fiction in this novel to rewrite the history of South Africa: â€Å"In forthcoming novels I shall be trying to get more and more of an imaginative grasp on reality, to invent history†, so that he lays naked the remainders of the post-apartheid system in an innovative style, skillfully inserting here and there several incidents, including sexual relations, that may be real or even personal, encompassing and resuming the aftermaths of the colonial experience. Brink’s answer to the inevitable question:† Why re-sort to fiction?Why reduce history to storytelling? † is summarized in Rus sell Hoban’s famous dictum:† We make fiction because we ARE fiction. â€Å"Brink elaborated on this idea explaining that â€Å"Whether one composes a c. v. for a job application, or reviews a day or week or year or a life traversed, or relates a crucial experience to someone else, or writes a letter, or describes an event-however one sets about it, it is inevitably turned into narrative. † The will to power, to dominate the other race and prove oneself to be superior has its links with sensuality and chauvinism.At first reading, some sexual acts in the novel seem to be scenes of pure passion, but then, they turn out to be mere longing for annihilation. For instance, In the second part Mirror, when Steve, a black man, is provoked by the utterances of the seductive young white woman named Silke telling him â€Å"your skin, I like very much how it feel, how it look† he becomes infuriated since he considers her words as a racial Remarque that echoes past memo ries of racial insults that he heard earlier in the novel such as â€Å"jou ma se swart poes† (=your mother’s black cunt) and â€Å"these kaffirs think they own the bloody place†.Consequently his reaction may be depicted as an attempt to free the rein of his wrath and avenge himself on the white race embodied in Silke, by conducting violent sexual intercourse saying that â€Å"for the first time I become aware of what is happening inside me. Not passion, not lust, not ecstasy, but rage . A terrible and destructive rage. † Moreover, racism is deeply rooted in social institutions such as marriage. As A. J. Hassall argues:† In Brink's South Africa blacks and whites are seen as natural equals separated only by the uncompromising racism of the whites.In all his books Brink explores sexual relationships between blacks and whites and he portrays them as natural sexual partners who might be natural political and social partners if only the Afrikaner establi shment would allow it. † This is perfectly illustrated in the example of the love relationship between a white man and a black woman in the first part The Blue Door, David Le Roux and Embeth, which is, even after the apartheid regime, still considered as a taboo kinship, completely rejected by David’s family; â€Å"why should we allow our lives to be dictated by the unreasonable reasonableness of my family?If we love each other.. † as David puts it. Added to its consideration as a racist attitude, Steve’s degradation of the white woman Silke may be read, as an act of political defiance, nevertheless, it fits only too well into the traditional master narrative of colonialism (â€Å"Natives have a rape-utation,† says Modisane, 1986), as well as the master narrative of sexism: the male who, in order to justify his aggression against and his â€Å"possession† of the female, blames her for provoking the attack, and for â€Å"deserving what she ge ts† ecause of her innate libidinal provocation. This is best illustrated in Steve’s words to Silke â€Å"if this is what you’re after, this is what you’re going to get. Fucking little white bitch. † Speaking of colonialism, Mellor suggests that men are attempting to penetrate mysterious foreign regions where they do not rightfully belong.Nina’s hair color turning into black, and the repetitive use of the words â€Å"dark† and â€Å"black† in the final paragraph depicting Derek â€Å"press[ing] [his] face into the fragrant and fatal darkness between her legs† calls to mind the notion of the exotic land reduced to the symbol of the female pubic hair which testifies for the mysterious south African jungles which should be discovered by white colonizer Derek. Feminists object to the depiction of women, in any respect, as a degraded sex, Objectified and reduced to serve the basic function of shoring up a man's ego.This machism o attitude is evident in Derek’s utterances:†Come what may, Nina Rousseau, you’re going to end up in my bed. † Symbolically speaking, it is widely known that white women represent power, so the more that you have of them the more you absorb that power into yourself. They also, of course, represent repression, so the more that you defile them the more you are fighting the battle and winning as Nicol puts it.This idea brings to mind Steve’s state of mind when copulating Silke, putting it into words: â€Å"now it is turning into pain, she becomes terrified †¦ while I feel myself growing in strength and rage. † This is further illustrated in Modisane’s words:† Through sex, I proved myself to myself. I am a man†¦ When the trance of sex had passed and the pleasure exhausted itself out of my system there remained only the anger and the violence to repeat and indulge myself into a more lasting satisfaction†¦ Furthermore, th e stereotypes of the â€Å"chaste white woman† and the â€Å"potent black man† who acts violently, with or without a reason, are challenged by Brink. The recurrent image of the black male is that of a virile man including the assertion of one of the crudest myths of sexist racism, the size of the black penis and his manhood to which it is alluded in Steve’s discourse: †bloody black stud (=virile)†. This racial cliche is set off in contrast with that of the white woman’s spiritual superiority and â€Å"absolute pureness† as Steve puts it.The terms in which the white woman is broadly described are based on an archetypal image borrowed from Camoens: â€Å"the symbol of purity and light, saintly flesh, raped, violated by the brutal force of a dark continent†. In order to criticize this cliche, Andre draws an image of the impure Silke who surrenders herself to Steve pleading him to â€Å"fuck [her]†. Psychologically speaking, L acan perceives the other as the creative force in shaping the consciousness of the â€Å"I†.When joined at the hip with Sarah, David ponders â€Å"you are my wife, but who are you? Who am I? † He feels compelled to know her in order to know himself and apprehend his existence, in other words, as feminists assert, sexuality is the keystone of identity. To elaborate on this idea, â€Å"Man's desire,† according to Lacan (1977), â€Å"finds its meaning in the desire of the other, not so much because the other holds the key to the object desired, as because the first object of desire is to be recognized by the other. Steve is inventing himself through the Other, Silke, who is, herself, a projection of his consciousness: his own identity, the raison d’etre of his actions and of his life, depends on the girl's approval and affirmation. Accordingly, he desires her so he can be recognized by her, and since â€Å"she is looking at [him]. She is seeing [him]. As [ he is] now. As [he is]. But there is no shock or disapproval in her face†, meaning that she does acknowledge him, he realizes his true identity.Contrary to Silke’s sexual attraction to Steve, he notices his cat’s repulsion. The widely known meaning of the hissing or scratching cat in dreams, is that this person â€Å"feels rejected by women or that his current relationships with women are strained or that he feels the women in his life are unappeasable, not to be trusted, overbearing, or just downright mean in which case the dream may mean it is time to reassess his relationships. †Ã‚  This is exactly the case with Steve and the female cat Sebastian which â€Å"draws her slender back into an arc and hisses at [him]. This may be explained by the fact that, when metamorphosed into a black man, Steve falls a prey to self-depreciation and speculates his wife Carla’s rejection of his new â€Å"black† self. So, when he realizes the impossibility o f achieving any human or even nonhuman connectedness, he chooses to seek release through the powerful emotion created by the suffering of Silke, an emotion which simultaneously produces his sexual arousal. This can be proved psychoanalytically in Bersani’s work analyzing Freud’s â€Å"Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality† in which he dentifies a counter argument running through Freud’s essays that â€Å"sexuality [is] not†¦originally an exchange of intensities between individuals, but rather a condition of broken negotiations with the world, a condition in which others merely set off the self shattering mechanisms of sadomasochistic jouissance† Regarding Derek’s unsatisfied and unstoppable longing for the sadistic Nina, The last erotic scene of the novel, when he gets stuck between her thighs, seems to be quite predictable, inasmuch, death will be the consummation of his passion.Bersani explicates Freud’s theory of the death d rive by arguing that â€Å"if sexuality is constituted as masochism, the immobilization of fantasmic structures can only have a violent denouement†¦ masochism is both relieved and fulfilled by death†.Isidore Diala refers to Andre Brink’s viewpoint about the writer’s role in the post-apartheid South Africa, saying that:† The dissident writer must awaken the Afrikaner to a sense of his potential for greatness and struggle aiming at liberating the blacks from oppression by whites, but also a struggle for the liberation of the Afrikaner from the ideology in which he has come to negate his better self. † Main References: -â€Å"Reinventing a Continent (Revisiting History in the Literature of the New South Africa: A Personal Testimony)† By Andre Brink 2-â€Å"Constructing Connectedness: Gender, Sexuality and Race in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein† by Jessica Hale 3-â€Å"CONCEPTUALIZING SEXUALITY: FROM KINSEY TO QUEER AND BEYONDâ₠¬  4-â€Å"An Ornithology of Sexual Politics: Lewis Nkosi's Mating Birds† by Andre Brink 5-â€Å"Andre Brink and Malraux† by Isidore Diala -â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY ( VS) EROTIC FICTION (aka Why I Continue To Do What I Do)† By Jess C Scott, 9 Mar 2011 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. In her article â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY VS. EROTIC FICTION†, Jess C Scott gives a definition of erotic literature saying that: † it comprises fictional and factual stories and accounts of human sexual relationships which have the power to or are intended to arouse the reader sexually. The emphasis of each is quite different.Porn's main purpose is to make money via adult entertainment; erotic literature tells a story. Stories that are realistic. Stories that make one think. Stories that â€Å"dive into the depths of navigating gender, sexuality, and the lines of desire† (blurb from m y  first erotic anthology,  4:Play). She illustrates her viewpoint by referring to Nabokov in the same Article explaining that â€Å"Mr. Vladimir Nabokov said so succinctly in  an essay on  Lolita, â€Å". . . Lolita has no moral in tow.For me, a work of fiction exists only insofar as it affords me what I shall call aesthetic bliss. . . â€Å"He also writes that â€Å"in pornographic novels, action has to be limited to the copulation of cliches. Style, structure, imagery should never distract the reader from his tepid lust. The novel must consist of an alternation of sexual scenes. † Ultimately, She draws this conclusion: Lolita  is more than a pornographic novel. Erotic literature is more than pornographic writing. † Theme of Sexuality in Andre Brink ‘s Other Lives Brink’s Other Lives: A Rewriting of history through eroticism The dissident writer's preeminent role, as Brink sees it, is to â€Å"explore and expose the roots of the human condition as it is lived in South Africa: (.. ) With the fundamentals of human experience and relationships†(Mapmakers 152).That is to say, he aims, through narrating and referring to kinships, mainly sensual ones, at unveiling the racial practices of the past apartheid system which is, according to Merriam Webster’s Dictionary and thesaurus, defined as â€Å"a former policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of So. Africa† in doing so, he makes use of erotic scenes between black and white people of both sexes. This essay tackles Brink’s choice to make use of erotic fiction as an inventive way of writing history.Also, it deals with sexuality, in this particular novel, which stands as an epitome for racial, colonia l and political relationships between black and white people, as well as the numerous interpretations of the coitus either through symbolism or feminism or psychoanalysis. According to Brink â€Å"the author’s reinvention of history would involve a choice between two kinds of concepts, two ends on a sliding scale: namely, history as fact and history as fiction. He opts for fiction in this novel to rewrite the history of South Africa: â€Å"In forthcoming novels I shall be trying to get more and more of an imaginative grasp on reality, to invent history†, so that he lays naked the remainders of the post-apartheid system in an innovative style, skillfully inserting here and there several incidents, including sexual relations, that may be real or even personal, encompassing and resuming the aftermaths of the colonial experience. Brink’s answer to the inevitable question:† Why re-sort to fiction?Why reduce history to storytelling? † is summarized in Rus sell Hoban’s famous dictum:† We make fiction because we ARE fiction. â€Å"Brink elaborated on this idea explaining that â€Å"Whether one composes a c. v. for a job application, or reviews a day or week or year or a life traversed, or relates a crucial experience to someone else, or writes a letter, or describes an event-however one sets about it, it is inevitably turned into narrative. † The will to power, to dominate the other race and prove oneself to be superior has its links with sensuality and chauvinism.At first reading, some sexual acts in the novel seem to be scenes of pure passion, but then, they turn out to be mere longing for annihilation. For instance, In the second part Mirror, when Steve, a black man, is provoked by the utterances of the seductive young white woman named Silke telling him â€Å"your skin, I like very much how it feel, how it look† he becomes infuriated since he considers her words as a racial Remarque that echoes past memo ries of racial insults that he heard earlier in the novel such as â€Å"jou ma se swart poes† (=your mother’s black cunt) and â€Å"these kaffirs think they own the bloody place†.Consequently his reaction may be depicted as an attempt to free the rein of his wrath and avenge himself on the white race embodied in Silke, by conducting violent sexual intercourse saying that â€Å"for the first time I become aware of what is happening inside me. Not passion, not lust, not ecstasy, but rage . A terrible and destructive rage. † Moreover, racism is deeply rooted in social institutions such as marriage. As A. J. Hassall argues:† In Brink's South Africa blacks and whites are seen as natural equals separated only by the uncompromising racism of the whites.In all his books Brink explores sexual relationships between blacks and whites and he portrays them as natural sexual partners who might be natural political and social partners if only the Afrikaner establi shment would allow it. † This is perfectly illustrated in the example of the love relationship between a white man and a black woman in the first part The Blue Door, David Le Roux and Embeth, which is, even after the apartheid regime, still considered as a taboo kinship, completely rejected by David’s family; â€Å"why should we allow our lives to be dictated by the unreasonable reasonableness of my family?If we love each other.. † as David puts it. Added to its consideration as a racist attitude, Steve’s degradation of the white woman Silke may be read, as an act of political defiance, nevertheless, it fits only too well into the traditional master narrative of colonialism (â€Å"Natives have a rape-utation,† says Modisane, 1986), as well as the master narrative of sexism: the male who, in order to justify his aggression against and his â€Å"possession† of the female, blames her for provoking the attack, and for â€Å"deserving what she ge ts† ecause of her innate libidinal provocation. This is best illustrated in Steve’s words to Silke â€Å"if this is what you’re after, this is what you’re going to get. Fucking little white bitch. † Speaking of colonialism, Mellor suggests that men are attempting to penetrate mysterious foreign regions where they do not rightfully belong.Nina’s hair color turning into black, and the repetitive use of the words â€Å"dark† and â€Å"black† in the final paragraph depicting Derek â€Å"press[ing] [his] face into the fragrant and fatal darkness between her legs† calls to mind the notion of the exotic land reduced to the symbol of the female pubic hair which testifies for the mysterious south African jungles which should be discovered by white colonizer Derek. Feminists object to the depiction of women, in any respect, as a degraded sex, Objectified and reduced to serve the basic function of shoring up a man's ego.This machism o attitude is evident in Derek’s utterances:†Come what may, Nina Rousseau, you’re going to end up in my bed. † Symbolically speaking, it is widely known that white women represent power, so the more that you have of them the more you absorb that power into yourself. They also, of course, represent repression, so the more that you defile them the more you are fighting the battle and winning as Nicol puts it.This idea brings to mind Steve’s state of mind when copulating Silke, putting it into words: â€Å"now it is turning into pain, she becomes terrified †¦ while I feel myself growing in strength and rage. † This is further illustrated in Modisane’s words:† Through sex, I proved myself to myself. I am a man†¦ When the trance of sex had passed and the pleasure exhausted itself out of my system there remained only the anger and the violence to repeat and indulge myself into a more lasting satisfaction†¦ Furthermore, th e stereotypes of the â€Å"chaste white woman† and the â€Å"potent black man† who acts violently, with or without a reason, are challenged by Brink. The recurrent image of the black male is that of a virile man including the assertion of one of the crudest myths of sexist racism, the size of the black penis and his manhood to which it is alluded in Steve’s discourse: †bloody black stud (=virile)†. This racial cliche is set off in contrast with that of the white woman’s spiritual superiority and â€Å"absolute pureness† as Steve puts it.The terms in which the white woman is broadly described are based on an archetypal image borrowed from Camoens: â€Å"the symbol of purity and light, saintly flesh, raped, violated by the brutal force of a dark continent†. In order to criticize this cliche, Andre draws an image of the impure Silke who surrenders herself to Steve pleading him to â€Å"fuck [her]†. Psychologically speaking, L acan perceives the other as the creative force in shaping the consciousness of the â€Å"I†.When joined at the hip with Sarah, David ponders â€Å"you are my wife, but who are you? Who am I? † He feels compelled to know her in order to know himself and apprehend his existence, in other words, as feminists assert, sexuality is the keystone of identity. To elaborate on this idea, â€Å"Man's desire,† according to Lacan (1977), â€Å"finds its meaning in the desire of the other, not so much because the other holds the key to the object desired, as because the first object of desire is to be recognized by the other. Steve is inventing himself through the Other, Silke, who is, herself, a projection of his consciousness: his own identity, the raison d’etre of his actions and of his life, depends on the girl's approval and affirmation. Accordingly, he desires her so he can be recognized by her, and since â€Å"she is looking at [him]. She is seeing [him]. As [ he is] now. As [he is]. But there is no shock or disapproval in her face†, meaning that she does acknowledge him, he realizes his true identity.Contrary to Silke’s sexual attraction to Steve, he notices his cat’s repulsion. The widely known meaning of the hissing or scratching cat in dreams, is that this person â€Å"feels rejected by women or that his current relationships with women are strained or that he feels the women in his life are unappeasable, not to be trusted, overbearing, or just downright mean in which case the dream may mean it is time to reassess his relationships. †Ã‚  This is exactly the case with Steve and the female cat Sebastian which â€Å"draws her slender back into an arc and hisses at [him]. This may be explained by the fact that, when metamorphosed into a black man, Steve falls a prey to self-depreciation and speculates his wife Carla’s rejection of his new â€Å"black† self. So, when he realizes the impossibility o f achieving any human or even nonhuman connectedness, he chooses to seek release through the powerful emotion created by the suffering of Silke, an emotion which simultaneously produces his sexual arousal. This can be proved psychoanalytically in Bersani’s work analyzing Freud’s â€Å"Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality† in which he dentifies a counter argument running through Freud’s essays that â€Å"sexuality [is] not†¦originally an exchange of intensities between individuals, but rather a condition of broken negotiations with the world, a condition in which others merely set off the self shattering mechanisms of sadomasochistic jouissance† Regarding Derek’s unsatisfied and unstoppable longing for the sadistic Nina, The last erotic scene of the novel, when he gets stuck between her thighs, seems to be quite predictable, inasmuch, death will be the consummation of his passion.Bersani explicates Freud’s theory of the death d rive by arguing that â€Å"if sexuality is constituted as masochism, the immobilization of fantasmic structures can only have a violent denouement†¦ masochism is both relieved and fulfilled by death†.Isidore Diala refers to Andre Brink’s viewpoint about the writer’s role in the post-apartheid South Africa, saying that:† The dissident writer must awaken the Afrikaner to a sense of his potential for greatness and struggle aiming at liberating the blacks from oppression by whites, but also a struggle for the liberation of the Afrikaner from the ideology in which he has come to negate his better self. † Main References: -â€Å"Reinventing a Continent (Revisiting History in the Literature of the New South Africa: A Personal Testimony)† By Andre Brink 2-â€Å"Constructing Connectedness: Gender, Sexuality and Race in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein† by Jessica Hale 3-â€Å"CONCEPTUALIZING SEXUALITY: FROM KINSEY TO QUEER AND BEYONDâ₠¬  4-â€Å"An Ornithology of Sexual Politics: Lewis Nkosi's Mating Birds† by Andre Brink 5-â€Å"Andre Brink and Malraux† by Isidore Diala -â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY ( VS) EROTIC FICTION (aka Why I Continue To Do What I Do)† By Jess C Scott, 9 Mar 2011 ——————————————– [ 1 ]. In her article â€Å"PORNOGRAPHY VS. EROTIC FICTION†, Jess C Scott gives a definition of erotic literature saying that: † it comprises fictional and factual stories and accounts of human sexual relationships which have the power to or are intended to arouse the reader sexually. The emphasis of each is quite different.Porn's main purpose is to make money via adult entertainment; erotic literature tells a story. Stories that are realistic. Stories that make one think. Stories that â€Å"dive into the depths of navigating gender, sexuality, and the lines of desire† (blurb from m y  first erotic anthology,  4:Play). She illustrates her viewpoint by referring to Nabokov in the same Article explaining that â€Å"Mr. Vladimir Nabokov said so succinctly in  an essay on  Lolita, â€Å". . . Lolita has no moral in tow.For me, a work of fiction exists only insofar as it affords me what I shall call aesthetic bliss. . . â€Å"He also writes that â€Å"in pornographic novels, action has to be limited to the copulation of cliches. Style, structure, imagery should never distract the reader from his tepid lust. The novel must consist of an alternation of sexual scenes. † Ultimately, She draws this conclusion: Lolita  is more than a pornographic novel. Erotic literature is more than pornographic writing. †

Compare And Contrast Gilgamesh And The Garden Party

About Ones Decisions In life we are given the opportunity to do whatever we want, and our choices are dependent on how well we were raised. We either have the choice of being kind individuals that contribute goodness to the world or become people that commit heinous crimes against our society. In the literary stories of Gilgamesh and â€Å"The Garden party† there were some comparisons and differences in the ideology of the literary text and some come consequences that arise from the one of the characters the one of the literary story. Both literary pieces exhibited narcissistic mindsets from characters Gilgamesh and Mrs., Sheridan. Despite the narcissism, Gilgamesh and Laura discovered what life is meant to be and to not take it†¦show more content†¦He did not find it, but he did come across the plant that Utnapishtim told him about. Utnapishtim said, â€Å"There is a plant that grows under the water, it has a prickle like a thorn, like a rose; it will wound your h ands, but if you succeed in taking it, then your hands will hold that which restores his lost youth to a man. Gilgamesh was strong enough to take a piece of the plant, but a serpent stole it from him, so he went back to having nothing. He always wanted to help himself rather than help his people. His mindset was very relative to the literary piece Furthermore, to expound on a interesting literary piece. A lot of the story is about the preparations and the consequences of the garden party, it was organized by the daughters of the privileged Sheridan family. As dawn breaks, Laura goes into the Sheridans exquisite garden to inspect the proposed site for the marquee. Her encounter with three workers hired to raise the tent is awkward and confused, as she finds herself torn between being a snob and her developing sense of morality. This story is perceived as the difference between life and death, and can sometimes be portrayed in objects. When Laura caught a glimpse of herself in her mir ror after asking her mom about the party ¸ she starts to admire herself in the black hat she was wearing and the thought of the laborer faded farther and farther into the back of her mind. Laura’s family seems to be unappreciative of